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introduction this design guide describes the design of a low power consumption optical mouse using the texas instrument msp430f1222 microcontroller, the avago adns-3040 optical sensor and a 27 mhz fsk transmitter implemented with discrete components. the receiver is implemented with a ti trf9700 receiver and cypress cy7c63743 usb controller. the document discusses the reference design hardware and the frmware implementation. included in appendix a is the schematic for this reference design mouse. the software section of this document describes the architecture of the frmware required to implement the mouse functions. the msp430f1222 data sheet is available on the ti web site at www.ti.com. the adns-3040 data sheet is available from the avago web site at www. avagotech.com . usb controller data sheet can be found on the cypress web site: www.cypress.com key reference design objectives: 1. highlight the low-power beneft of the adns-3040 2. demonstrate multiple rf technologies: 27 mhz and 2.4 ghz 3. feature a flash-based development environment to facilitate rapid frmware changes reference design overview the image-based optical mouse sensor takes snap shots of the surface it is navigating on. it measures changes in position by comparing the sequential images (frames) and mathematically determines the direction and magnitude of movement. the traditional duel-channel optical encoder generates the quadrature z-wheel movement signals. this design guide illustrates the hardware connection of a led-based optical mouse with standard confguration; as well as the frmware management and the handling of the usb protocols. usb protocol provides a standard way of reporting mouse movement and button presses to the pc. the windows hid driver interprets the usb data and performs the cursor movements and mouse clicks. the functional block diagram of the reference design mouse is shown in figure 1. the optical sensor detects the x and y movements. an optical quadrature encoder provides the z-wheel movement. each of the button switches is pulled up normally and provides a ground when pressed. the max1722 boost regulator maintains the 2.7 v operating voltage for the reference design mouse from two regular aa alkaline batteries in parallel. adnk-3043-ti27 wireless usb optical mouse designers kit design guide this preliminary data is provided to assist you in the evaluation of product(s) currently under development. until avago technologies releases this product for general sales, avago technologies reserves the right to alter prices, specifcations, features, capabilities, functions, release dates, and remove availability of the product(s) at anytime.
2 theory of operation navigation technology the heart of the adns-3040 navigation sensor is a cmos image array. an led and an optical system illuminate the surface that the adns-3040 is navigating on. the texture of the surface casts bright and dark spots forming distinct images as the sensor is moved across the surface. a digital signal processing (dsp) engine and its built-in algorithm evaluate these images and determine the magnitude and direction of the movement. lens image array led lens surface shadow pattern figure 1. adnk-3034-ti27 reference design mouse functional block diagram rf board left button avago adns-3040 optical mouse sensor wheel button right button z optics ti msp430f1222 microcontroller miso mosi sclk ncs control and data max1722 boost regulator quadrature signals the motion data is made available in the delta_x and delta_y registers for the system controller to retrieve. an extensive power saving topology is implemented within the adns-3040 navigation engine. a motion pin (output) is available to act as the system interrupt. as long as there is no motion the system can remain in sleep mode allowing maximum battery power saving. based on the last detected motion the adns-3040 navigation engine enters various power saving modes when no new motion occurs. these power saving features make the adns-3040 ideally for wireless applications. figure 2. illustration of optical navigation technology
3 figure 3. optics quadrature signal generation z wheel the motion of z-wheel is detected using the quadrature signal generated by optical sensors. two phototransistors are connected in a source-follower confguration forming channel a and channel b . an infrared led shines, causing the phototransistors to turn on. in between the phototran - sistors and the led is a pinwheel that rotates. the spokes of this pinwheel is mechanically designed to interrupt the infrared light such that the phototransistors are turned on and of in a quadrature output pattern. every change in the phototransistor outputs represents a count of z-wheel movement. comparing the last state of the optics to the current state derives directional information. as shown in figure 3 below, rotating the wheel forward produces a unique set of state transitions, and rotating the wheel backward produces another set of unique state transi - tions. hardware implementation optical mouse sensor this reference design features the adns-3040 optical navigation engine. it contains an image acquisition system (ias), a digital signal processor (dsp), and a four-wire serial peripheral interface consists of the serial clock (sclk), the master-in/slave-out (miso) and the master-out/slave-in (mosi). in addition a fourth signal chip select (ncs) is used to select the device on the spi buss. motion, is an addi - tional output from the adns-3040 intended to act as an interrupt to the microcontroller whenever the adns-3040 senses motion. when the mouse is moved the adns-3040 alerts the system controller by activating the motion signal triggering an interrupt service routine. at the same time the adns-3040 accumulates the horizontal and vertical displacements (count per inch, or cpi) in its delta_x and delta_y registers respectively. the adns-3040 deactivates the motion signal as soon as movement stops. the smart - speed technology automatically optimizes the frame rate by examining the acquired images of the surface. it also manages the integrated led driver to coordinate with the shutter. the system controller reads the motion information and reports it to the pc to update the cursor position. the advantages of using adns-3040 optical sensor are the efcient power management, high tracking accuracy, and simple communications with the microcontroller via the full duplex spi port. to learn more about sensors technical information, please visit the avago web site at http://www.avagotech.com mouse buttons mouse buttons are connected as standard switches. these switches are pulled up by the pull up resistors inside the microcontroller. when the user presses a button, the switch will be closed and the pin will be pulled low to gnd. a low state at the pin is interpreted as the button being pressed. a high state is interpreted as the button has been released or the button is not being pressed. normally the switches are debounced in frmware for 15-20ms. in this reference design there are three switches: left, z-wheel, and right.
4 microcontroller the texas instruments msp430 family of ultra-low power microcontrollers consists of several devices featuring diferent sets of peripherals targeted for various applica - tions. the architecture, combined with fve low-power modes, is optimized to achieve extended battery life in portable measurement applications. the device features a powerful 16-bit risc cpu, 16-bit registers, and constant generators that attribute to maximum code efciency. the digitally controlled oscillator (dco) allows wake-up from low-power modes to active mode in less than 6 sec. the specifc device used in this reference design is the msp430f1222 with 28 pin to accommodate ample amount of i/o. it is an ultra-low power mixed-signal microcon - trollers with a built-in 16-bit timer, 10-bit a/d converter with integrated reference and data transfer controller (dtc), and 14 (20 pin package) or 22 (28 pin package) general purpose i/o pins. the msp430x12x2 series micro - controllers have built-in communication capability using asynchronous (uart) and synchronous (spi) protocols. serial peripheral interface (spi) the msp430f1222 provides a dedicated hardware-based serial peripheral interface (spi). the three-wire interface supports byte serial communication in either master or slave mode. in this reference design the msp430f1222 always acts as the master and initiates all spi communica - tions with external spi device(s), in this case the adns- 3040. z wheel quadrature encoder a standard two-channel, incremental optical quadrature encoder and an ir led provide the scroll wheel function. the msp430f1222 manages the ir led directly. since achieving low-power consumption is one of the main ob - jectives, the z-wheel led is only enabled when the msp430 needs to read the output states of the optical quadrature encoder to the msp430 port pins while in active mode. the z-wheel led is pulsed on for approximately 40 sec every 2 msec while in active mode to read the current position of the scroll wheel, thus saving power since the z-wheel led is only on for a duty cycle of 2%. the outputs of the two-channel quadrature encoder are squarewaves that are 90 out of phase. the phase relationship of these signals encodes the directions of scroll wheel rotations. within the msp430, an internal quadrature encoder pulse (qep) state machine interprets these signals and incre - ments or decrements a counter based on the direction and movement of the scroll wheel. wireless rf technology in order to provide the maximum fexibility the reference design mouse utilizes two circuit boards. the main board consists of the adns-3040 navigation sensor/led, the msp430f1222 microcontroller, the scroll wheel led/encoder and the button switches. a 10-pin header connects the rf daughter card to the main board. the 27 mhz fsk transmitter circuit is based on a previously published reference design. some details on adnk-3043-ti27 the adnk-3043-ti27 reference design kit allows users to evaluate the performance of the optical tracking engine (sensor, lens, led assembly clip, led) over a 27 mhz rf connection. this kit also enables users to understand the recommended mechanical assembly. (see appendix c, d and e) system requirements pcs using windows ? 95/ windows ? 98/ windows ? nt/ windows ? 2000 with standard 3-button usb mouse driver loaded. functionality 27 mhz wireless usb, 3-button, scroll wheel, 800 cpi usb operating mode the receiver dongle is hot pluggable into the usb port. the pc does not need to be powered of when plugging or un - plugging the receiver dongle for the evaluation mouse.
5 hlmp-ed80-ps000 (led) ADNS-2220-001 (clip) adns-3040 (sensor) customer supplied pcb adns-3120-001 (lens) customer supplied base plate with recommended alignment features per iges drawing figure 4. exploded view of the adns-3040 optical tracking engine figure 5. distance from lens reference plane to surface sensor lens object surface 2.40 0.094 c aution : t he lens is not permanently attached to the sensor and will drop out of the assembly . while reassembling the components, please make sure that the z height (distance from lens reference plane to surface) is maintain. refer to figure 5. to disassemble the adnk-3043 ti27 unit the adnk-3034 ti27 comprises of the plastic mouse casing, a main printed circuit board (pcb), lens, buttons, and a 27 mhz rf daughter card, and a 27 mhz usb receiver dongle. (see figure 4.) removing the screws located at the base of the unit separate the top and the bottom of the mouse casing. removing the pcb assembly from the base plate further disassembles the mouse unit. be careful with the battery terminals while separating the pcb assembly with the bottom casing.
6 regulatory requirements ? passes fcc b and worldwide analogous emission limits when assembled into a mouse with unshielded cable and following avago recommendations. ? passes en61000-4-4/iec801-4 eft tests when assem - bled into a mouse with unshielded cable and follow - ing avago recommendations. ? ul fammability level ul94 v-0. ? provides sufcient esd creepage/clearance distance to avoid discharge up to 15kv when assembled into a mouse according to usage instructions above. ? for eye safety consideration, please refer to the docu - ment, eye safety calculation an1228 available on the web site, http://www.avagotech.com/view/opticalnavigation . below is the summary of the components contained in the adnk-3034-ti27 designers kit. sensor the sensor technical information is contained in the adns- 3040 data sheet. other system components technical information on the ti msp430f1222 microcon - troller is contained in the ti data sheet. please contact your local ti ofce for themsp430 development tools. these tools will allow the designer to make changes and recompile the source code; perform in-circuit emulation and debug new code for added features. programming support and programmer adaptors for the msp430 can be found through ti or through other 3 rd party programming tool companies. for further information on this product, please contact texas instrument. cypress semiconductor provides extensive development tools for the xxxxx usb controller used in the receiver dongle. lens the lens technical information is contained in the adns- 3120-001 data sheet. the fange on the standard adns- 3120-001 lens is for esd protection. led assembly clip the information on the assembly clip is contained in the ADNS-2220-001 data sheet. led the led technical information is contained in the hlmp- ed80-xx000 data sheet and application note an-1228. additional application notes regarding eye safety require - ments are also available at avagos website. base plate feature C iges file the iges fle on the cd-rom provides recommended base plate molding features to ensure optical alignment. this includes a typical pcb assembly diagrams recommended solder fxture in assembly and exploded view, as well as solder plate. see appendix c for details. reference design documentation C gerber file the gerber file presents detailed schematics used in adnk-3043-ti27 in pcb layout form. the file for this reference design can be found in the hardware support fles folder in the cd-rom. overall circuit a schematic of the overall circuit is shown in appendix a of this document. appendix b lists the bill of materials.
7 file description msp430_avago_adns-3040.c main mouse frmware crc-8.c routines for crc-8 generation wm430_buttons.c used to store button state data for tx message wm430_system.c wm430_transmitter.c implements the rf transmitter protocol wm430_wheel.c implements the logic to detect scroll wheel movement fskdataplusencod - ing - used to enable msp430 to shift data out via fsk scheme by toggling the rf_data line at specifc bit periods firmware implementation the frmware for this reference design is written in the c language. the following fles are required to compile the mouse frmware. the user should insert the receiver dongle into an available usb port at the computer. install two aa alkaline batteries into the battery compartment. pay special attention to the polarities of the two batteries. the reference design mouse is designed to work with two aa batteries in parallel or just one aa battery. press the connect button on the receiver dongle and while the leds are fashing press the connect button at the underside of the mouse. when the mouse is properly connected to the dongle, every time it receives a transmis - sion from the mouse the led lights up.
8 appendix a: schematic diagram of the main board
9 figure a1. schematic diagram of the rf transmitter board
10 appendix b: bill of materials for components shown on schematic (main board and rf board) part type qty value designators optical sensor device 1 u101 optical sensor led 1 d102 optical sensor lens 1 not shown on schematic optical sensor clip 1 not shown on schematic microcontroller 1 u102 dc/dc converter 1 u103 z led 1 d103 z encoder 1 3 pin u104 resistor (0805) 5 100 k r101, r102, r103, r104, r105 resistor (0805) 1 3.3m r124 resistor (0805) 1 240 r125 resistor (0805) 2 27k r107, r108 resistor (0805) 1 1.1 m r109 resistor (0805) 1 1.0 m r110 resistor (0805) 1 10 r111 resistor (0805) 1 0 r106 resistor (0805) 1 no load r122 ceremic capacitor (0603) 4 .01uf 50v c101, c106, c108, c110 ceremic capacitor (0603) 2 .1uf 25v c102, c112 tantalum capacitor 3 1 uf 50v c105, c107, c109 tantalum capacitor 2 10uf 25v c103, c104 npn t ransistor 1 mmbt3906lt1 q101 switch 3 spdt sw101, sw102, sw103 switch, light touch 1 6mmx6mmx4.3mm sw104 inductor 1 10 uh l101 crystal 1 32.768 khz xtal101 header, pins 2mm 2 2x5 j101 header, socket, 2mm 2 2 x 7 j105 battery spring, common 1 2x7 t101 battery spring + 1 t102 battery spring - 1 t103
11 description qty value reference resistor (0603) 2 10k r201, r202 resistor (0603) 1 22k r203 resistor (0603) 1 33k r204 resistor (0603) 1 82k r205 resistor (0603) 1 2k2 r206 resistor (0603) 4 10 r207, r209, r210, r212 resistor (0603) 2 100k r208, r211 resistor (0603) 1 open r213 ceremic capacitor (0603) 2 0.1uf c201, c203 ceremic capacitor (0603) 2 100pf c208, c212 ceremic capacitor (0603) 2 82pf c205, c206 ceremic capacitor (0603) 1 5pf c202 ceremic capacitor (0603) 1 150pf c216 ceremic capacitor (0603) 4 0.001uf (1000pf) c207, c210. c211, c214 ceremic capacitor (0603) 1 20pf c215 ceremic capacitor (0603) 1 220pf c209 ceremic capacitor (0603) 1 56pf c213 1 10uf c204 inductor 2 0.56uh 0.5 axial l201, l202 npn transistor 4 mmbt3904lt1 q202, q203, q204, q205 pnp transistor 1 mmbt3906lt1 q201 4-pin header 2 1x4 pin, 2mm pitch (m) j201, j202 1-pin through hole 2 hole for external wire antenna connection w201, w202 crystal 1 13.5225mhz (m1) xtal201
12 appendix c: base plate feature adns adns-3120-001 lens recess dimensions: 31.5 x 17.0 mm key pyramid feature: 2.50mm height max. figure c1: illustration of base plate mounting features.
appendix e: receiver dongle implementation please refer to the following cypress document: designing a low cost 27mhz wireless optical mouse using the cypress cy7c63743 usb microcontroller, avago adns-3040 optical sensor and texas instruments msp430 microcontroller and trf7900 27mhz receiver appendix d: sectional view of pcb assembly pcb sensor led base plate lens/light pipe clip surface figure d1: sectional view of pcb assembly highlighting all optical mouse components (optical mouse sensor, clip, lens, led, pcb, and base plate).
appendix f: kit components the designers kit contains components as follows: part number description name quantity adns-3040 solid-state optical mouse sensor sensor 5 adns-3120-001 trim lens plate lens 5 ADNS-2220-001 led assembly clip led clip 5 hlmp-ed80-ps000 led 5 adnk-3043-ti27 cd includes documentation and support files for adnk-3043-ti27 documentation a. adns-3040 ultra low power optical mouse data sheet b. adns-3120-001 solid state optical mouse lens data sheet c. ADNS-2220-001 led assembly clip data sheet d. hlmp-ed80-xx000 led data sheet e. battery life calculation for an ultra low-power wireless optical mouse application note 5243 f. texas instrument msp430x11x12, msp430x12x12 mixed signal microcontroller data sheet g. texas instrument fully integrated analog front-end dual receiver based unit for 27mhz wireless mouse and keyboard system data sheet h. cypress cy7c63743 microcontroller data sheet data sheet hardware support files a. adnk-3043-ti27 bom list b. adnk-3043-ti27 schematic c. adnk-3043-ti27 gerber file d. iges base plate feature file software support files a. microcontroller firmware 1 for product information and a complete list of distributors, please go to our web site: www.avagotech.com avago, avago technologies, and the a logo are trademarks of avago technologies, limited in the united states and other countries. data subject to change. copyright ? 2006 avago technologies limited. all rights reserved. av02-0434en - may 16, 2007

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